"use strict"; const {Fragment: _Fragment, jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0]; const {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0]; function _createMdxContent(props) { const _components = { a: "a", blockquote: "blockquote", br: "br", code: "code", div: "div", h3: "h3", h4: "h4", hr: "hr", li: "li", ol: "ol", p: "p", path: "path", pre: "pre", span: "span", strong: "strong", svg: "svg", table: "table", tbody: "tbody", td: "td", th: "th", thead: "thead", tr: "tr", ul: "ul", ..._provideComponents(), ...props.components }; return _jsxs(_Fragment, { children: [_jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "一核心实现原理", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#一核心实现原理", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "一、核心实现原理"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "内部信号发生器" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "在FPGA逻辑中设计模块（如状态机、计数器、LFSR伪随机发生器），替代外部激励源。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "存储测试向量" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "将预定义的测试数据存入片内Block RAM或ROM。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "自动控制流程" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "用状态机控制测试序列的执行、结果收集和输出判断。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "自检机制" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "比较输出结果与预期值，通过LED/UART指示测试状态。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "二详细实现步骤", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#二详细实现步骤", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "二、详细实现步骤"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h4, { id: "1-设计自激励模块verilog示例", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#1-设计自激励模块verilog示例", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "1. 设计自激励模块（Verilog示例）"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-verilog", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-verilog code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "module" }), " self_stimulus ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "input" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "wire" }), " clk", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 板载晶振时钟" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "input" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "wire" }), " rst_n", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 复位信号" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "output" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "reg" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "7" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " leds ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 板载LED显示测试结果" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 内部测试向量生成" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "reg" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "31" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " counter", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "reg" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "7" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " test_data", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "reg" }), " test_pass", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token important", children: "always @" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "posedge" }), " clk ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "or" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "negedge" }), " rst_n", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "begin" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "if" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "!" }), "rst_n", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "begin" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" counter ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" test_data ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "8'h00" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" test_pass ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1'b0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "end" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "else" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "begin" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" counter ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<=" }), " counter ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "+" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " \n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 示例：每1亿周期生成新测试数据" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "if" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "counter ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "==" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "100_000" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "_000" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "begin" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" counter ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" test_data ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<=" }), " test_data ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "+" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 简单递增测试" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " \n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 执行被测试模块（DUT）" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "wire" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "7" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " dut_out ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token function", children: "your_dut_module" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "test_data", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " \n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 结果检查（示例：预期输出=输入+1）" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "if" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "dut_out ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "==" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "test_data ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "+" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" test_pass ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1'b1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "else" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" test_pass ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1'b0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "end" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "end" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "end" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// LED显示测试结果（常亮=通过，闪烁=失败）" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "assign" }), " leds ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "test_pass", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "?" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "8'b1111_1111" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "counter", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "26" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "?" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "8'b1010_1010" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "8'b0101_0101" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "endmodule" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h4, { id: "2-关键设计要点", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#2-关键设计要点", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "2. 关键设计要点"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "时钟管理" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "使用板载晶振通过FPGA时钟管脚输入。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "通过PLL生成系统所需时钟频率。" }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "复位设计" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "使用外部复位按钮 + 内部复位同步器。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "添加看门狗定时器防止状态机卡死。" }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "存储初始化" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-verilog", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-verilog code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 初始化ROM中的测试向量" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "reg" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "7" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " test_rom ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "255" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "initial" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "begin" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token kernel-function property", children: "$readmemh" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"test_vectors.hex\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " test_rom", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 从文件加载测试数据" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "end" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "结果输出" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "LED：直观显示通过/失败状态。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "UART：将详细测试日志发送到PC串口助手。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "内部寄存器：通过JTAG读取状态（使用ILA或SignalTap）。" }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "三板级支持配置", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#三板级支持配置", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "三、板级支持配置"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "约束文件（XDC示例）" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "确保时钟、复位、LED管脚正确约束：", "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-verilog", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-verilog code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["# 时钟约束 ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "50" }), "MHz 板载晶振", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["create_clock ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "period ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "20" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), "get_ports clk", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["# 复位按钮 ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "低有效", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["set_property PACKAGE_PIN F3 ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), "get_ports rst_n", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), "get_ports rst_n", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "# LED输出\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["set_property PACKAGE_PIN A10 ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), "get_ports ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "{" }), "leds", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "}" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), "get_ports ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "{" }), "leds", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "}" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "电源与配置" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "确认FPGA供电电压稳定（如1.0V核心电压、3.3V IO）。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "使用JTAG或Flash配置芯片，确保上电自动加载程序。" }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "四调试与验证技巧", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#四调试与验证技巧", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "四、调试与验证技巧"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "渐进式测试" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "先验证时钟和复位信号正常工作。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "逐步添加激励模块 → DUT → 结果检查。" }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "内部逻辑分析仪" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "使用Xilinx ILA / Intel SignalTap 抓取关键信号。" }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "防锁死设计" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-verilog", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-verilog code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 看门狗计数器示例" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "reg" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "31" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " watchdog", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token important", children: "always @" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "posedge" }), " clk", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "begin" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "if" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "watchdog ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "10_000" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "_000" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "begin" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 超时强制复位" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" system_reset ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1'b1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "end" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "else" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "if" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "state_changed", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "begin" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" watchdog ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "end" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "else" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "begin" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" watchdog ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<=" }), " watchdog ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "+" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "end" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "end" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "五典型应用场景", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#五典型应用场景", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "五、典型应用场景"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "自动化产线测试" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "上电后自动检测所有IO功能，通过LED指示良品/不良品。" }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "嵌入式系统自检" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "航天设备启动时执行内存/逻辑自测试（BIST）。" }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "无外部接口设备" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "如加密模块、传感器处理单元等独立运行系统。" }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "常见问题解决", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#常见问题解决", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "常见问题解决"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "时钟不稳定" }), " → 检查约束、电源噪声、晶振布线。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "测试结果随机失败" }), " → 添加时序约束（ ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "set_max_delay" }), " ），检查跨时钟域同步。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "功耗过高" }), " → 关闭未使用模块时钟（门控时钟）。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["通过以上设计，FPGA可完全脱离仿真器和外部信号源，实现 ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "板级自主验证" }), " ，大幅提升测试效率和系统可靠性。实际项目中建议结合JTAG回读功能，便于深度调试。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "什么情况可综合" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "一可综合代码的特征", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#一可综合代码的特征", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "一、可综合代码的特征"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "明确的硬件映射" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["所有逻辑必须对应 ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "物理存在的硬件单元" }), " （触发器、组合逻辑、存储器等）。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["示例：", "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-verilog", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-verilog code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 可综合：明确映射为D触发器" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token important", children: "always @" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "posedge" }), " clk", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "begin" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" q ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<=" }), " d", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "end" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "静态可确定的电路结构" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["循环次数、数组大小等在编译时必须 ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "固定" }), " （不能运行时动态变化）。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["示例：", "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-verilog", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-verilog code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 可综合：循环展开为硬件复制" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "for" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "i", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), " i", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), " i", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), "i", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "begin" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 工具会展开成4个独立逻辑" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "assign" }), " out", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), "i", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " a", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), "i", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "&" }), " b", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), "i", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "end" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "二典型可综合结构", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#二典型可综合结构", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "二、典型可综合结构"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.div, { className: "overflow-x-auto", children: _jsxs(_components.table, { children: [_jsx(_components.thead, { children: _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.th, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "类别" }) }), _jsx(_components.th, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "可综合代码示例" }) }), _jsx(_components.th, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "硬件映射" }) })] }) }), _jsxs(_components.tbody, { children: [_jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "时序逻辑" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "always @(posedge clk)" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "触发器 (FF)" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "组合逻辑" }) }), _jsxs(_components.td, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "always @(*)" }), " 或 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "assign" })] }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "LUT + 布线" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "有限状态机" }) }), _jsxs(_components.td, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "case" }), " / ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "if" }), " 描述状态转移"] }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "状态寄存器 + 组合逻辑" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "存储器" }) }), _jsxs(_components.td, { children: ["调用 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Block RAM" }), " 原语或推断RAM"] }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "BRAM / 分布式RAM" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "数学运算" }) }), _jsxs(_components.td, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "+" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "-" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "*" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "<<" }), " 等操作符"] }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "DSP Slice / LUT级联" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "计数器" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "reg [31:0] cnt; cnt <= cnt + 1;" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "触发器 + 加法器" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "三不可综合的常见陷阱", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#三不可综合的常见陷阱", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "三、不可综合的常见陷阱"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "仿真专用系统任务" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-verilog", children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-verilog code-highlight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token kernel-function property", children: "$display" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token kernel-function property", children: "$random" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token kernel-function property", children: "$time" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 仅用于仿真，无硬件对应" }), "\n"] }) }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "动态代码结构" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-verilog", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-verilog code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 循环边界非常量 → 不可综合" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "for" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "i", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), " i", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "variable", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), " i", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "++" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 错误！循环次数必须固定" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "无时钟的无限循环" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-verilog", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-verilog code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token important", children: "always" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "begin" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 无触发条件 → 生成锁存器或错误" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" a ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " b ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "+" }), " c", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "end" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "延时控制语句" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-verilog", children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-verilog code-highlight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "#10" }), " a ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " b", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 延时不可综合（仅仿真用）" }), "\n"] }) }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "初始化块(initial)的局限性" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-verilog", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-verilog code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "initial" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "begin" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "reg" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 仅对FPGA配置后初始值有效，不能用于运行时复位" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "end" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "四边界情况处理", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#四边界情况处理", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "四、边界情况处理"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "存储器初始化" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "可综合" }), " ：使用 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "$readmemh" }), " 初始化ROM (综合工具支持)", "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-verilog", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-verilog code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "reg" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "7" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " rom ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "255" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "initial" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token kernel-function property", children: "$readmemh" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"data.hex\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " rom", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 综合工具会转换为ROM初值" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "不可综合" }), " ：运行时动态修改ROM内容。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "生成块（generate）" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "可综合" }), " ：静态生成硬件实例", "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-verilog", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-verilog code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "generate" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "for" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "genvar" }), " i", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), " i", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "8" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), " i", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "++" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "begin" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" my_module inst ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "." }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token function", children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "a", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), "i", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "." }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token function", children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "b", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), "i", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "end" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "endgenerate" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "函数（Function）" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "可综合" }), " ：纯组合逻辑函数", "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-verilog", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-verilog code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "function" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "7" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " adder", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "input" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "7" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " x", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "y", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" adder ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " x ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "+" }), " y", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 无时序控制" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "endfunction" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "五可综合代码检查清单", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#五可综合代码检查清单", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "五、可综合代码检查清单"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "时钟和复位" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["所有时序逻辑必须由 ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "时钟或异步复位" }), " 触发。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "完整性" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["组合逻辑 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "always" }), " 块需列出所有输入信号，或使用 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "always @(*)" }), " 。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "if" }), " / ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "case" }), " 语句必须覆盖所有分支（避免锁存器）。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "资源可映射" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "避免使用浮点数、除法等复杂运算（除非确认目标FPGA有DSP支持）。" }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "无仿真结构" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["删除 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "initial" }), " 、 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "#delay" }), " 、 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "wait" }), " 等仿真语句。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "六工具辅助验证", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#六工具辅助验证", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "六、工具辅助验证"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "综合报告解读" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["检查警告：如推断出锁存器（ ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Latch inferred" }), " ）、未连接端口。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "RTL视图" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "在Vivado/Quartus中查看综合后的电路图，确认符合预期。" }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "语法检查器" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "使用SpyGlass、0-In等工具静态检查可综合性。" }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.blockquote, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["📌 ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "关键原则" }), " ：", _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "“如果你想象不出代码对应的物理电路，大概率不可综合。”" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "始终以硬件思维编码——FPGA不是处理器，所有操作需并行化、流水化设计。"] }), "\n"] })] }); } function MDXContent(props = {}) { const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = { ..._provideComponents(), ...props.components }; return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, { ...props, children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, { ...props }) }) : _createMdxContent(props); } return { default: MDXContent };